ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Hechshers - food certification according to Jewish religious law</TITLE> <META NAME="Identifier-URL" CONTENT="http://www.hechshers.info/glossary.htm"> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Roger Harris"> <META NAME="Copyright" CONTENT="Roger Harris (C) 2005-2009"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-to" CONTENT="admin&#64hechshers.info"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" CONTENT="No-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language" CONTENT="english;hebrew"> <META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="Global"> <META NAME="rating" CONTENT="General"> <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <META NAME="revisit-after" CONTENT="40 Days"> <META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="Hechshers resemble trademarks and are affixed to various foods to indicate that a regulatory body has adjudged the food to be in conformance with Jewish laws of ritual purity."> <META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="beth,din,fleischik,food,glatt,hechsher,hecsher,hekhsher,heksher,jew,jewish,kosher,kashrus,kashrut,label,mark,milchik,parve,rabbi,schochet,sticker,supervision,symbol,wine"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheet.css"> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFF44" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#000080" ALINK="#FF0000" TEXT="#000000"> <BASEFONT FACE="arial,times new roman" COLOR="#000000" SIZE="3"> <!-- table to enclose site and advertising column--> <table border="0" width="808" align="center"> <tr><td width="644"> <!-- begin:table to set page width --> <TABLE BORDER="4" BORDERCOLOR="#0000FF" WIDTH="640" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" ALIGN="CENTER"> <!-- ----------------------------- --> <TR HEIGHT="32"><TD COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="MIDDLE"><IMG SRC="../magendav.jpg"> &nbsp; <FONT SIZE="1">SUPPORTING ISRAEL WHERE JEWS ARE REBUILDING THEIR OFT-INVADED ANCESTRAL HOMELAND &nbsp; </FONT><IMG SRC="../magendav.jpg"></TD></TR> <!-- -- horizontal menu ---------------------------- --> <TR><A NAME="TOP"></A> <TD WIDTH="120" BGCOLOR="#87CEFA" ALIGN="CENTER"> <FONT SIZE="1">HECHSHERS<BR>SITE&nbsp;NAVIGATOR<BR><I>Click for ...</I> </FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="940" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE="2"> <A HREF="../shapes/index.htm">HECHSHER INDEX</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../kashauth/index.htm">KASHRUT AUTHORITIES</A> <BR><A HREF="../about.htm">about</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../bibliography/index.htm">bibliography</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../certification.htm">certification</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../gallery/index.htm">gallery</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="glossary.htm"><B>glossary</B></A> <BR><A HREF="../links.htm">links</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../products/index.htm">products</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../site_statistics.htm">site statistics</A> &nbsp;&#9642;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../kosher_in/index.htm">kosher in</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../k-organic/index.htm">k-organic</A> <br><A HREF="../charities.htm">charities</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&#149;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../adverts/index.htm">adverts</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../site-map.htm">site-map</A> </FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="80" ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="index.htm"><FONT SIZE="2">GLOSSARY<BR>PAGE</FONT></A></TD> </TR> <!-- -- end: horizontal menu ------------------------- --> <TR><TD COLSPAN="3"> <TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER"> <TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="64%"><SMALL>URL: http://www.hechshers.info/glossary-1.htm [format=Unicode] <BR>E-mail: <a href="&#109&#97&#105&#108&#116&#111&#58info&#64hechshers.info">info&#64hechshers.info</a> </SMALL> </TD><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"> <SMALL> Compiled by Roger Shlomo Harris <BR><A HREF="../copyright.htm">Copyright</A> © 2005-2010 </SMALL> </TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" ALIGN="CENTER"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><BR>&nbsp;<BR><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FF6699">www.<BIG><B>hechshers</B></BIG>.info</FONT> <P><FONT SIZE="5">Jewish personal name affixes</FONT> <P><IMG SRC="../pinkdot.jpg"></P> </TD></TR> </TABLE> <P>&nbsp;<BR> <!-- BEGIN CONTENT --> <TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="624" CELLSPACING="8"> <TR><TD WIDTH="216">&nbsp;</TD><TD WIDTH="400">&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR HEIGHT="64"> <TD COLSPAN="2"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The personal name affixes listed below are abbreviations of phrases which denote respect for the person and recognition of his/her Torah and Talmud learning. Proverbs 10:7 <I>The Proverbs of Solomon</I>: &quot;Remembrance of a righteous one brings blessing, but the name of the wicked will rot.&quot; <BR>&nbsp;<BR>The affixes are included here because they form a group with <I>shlit"a</I> which is sometimes incorporated into a hechsher design as an extension to the name of the certifying rabbi. <BR>&nbsp;<BR>Instances of these affixes may be found in editorial and advertising material in newspapers such as <I>Hamodia</I>, <I>The Jewish Press (USA)</I>, <I>The Jewish Tribune (London)</I>. Several of the definitions below are derived from postings to a Jewish-interest Internet discussion group by Prof. Rudman, Gilad Gevaryahu and Mordecai in August, 1999. Some definitions from the soc.culture.jewish newsgroup, 1996, are also included. <BR>&nbsp;<BR>Typical usage: Rabbi Chanoch Auerbach shlit"a, Leah Mandel a"h, <BR>Chaim Levy zt"l. <!-- <BR>&nbsp;<BR>If you cannot find an abbreviation here then try the following: <BR><A HREF="http://www.kamous.com/translator/s.asp?l=1250">http://www.kamous.com/translator/s.asp?l=1250</A> --> <BR>&nbsp;<BR><SMALL><SMALL>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</SMALL>: My thanks for additional information go to Sam S and S-BF.</SMALL></P> <BR>&nbsp;<BR> </TD></TR> <TR HEIGHT="64"><TD COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="CENTER"><BIG>p r e f i x e s</BIG></TD></TR> <TR><!-- hagra --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Hagra&quot;M</B></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR><!-- harav hagaon --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>HaRav HaGaon</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÔèÔ"Ò</FONT>. Gaon = a Jew having exceptional Jewish knowledge.</TD></TR> <TR><!-- mara d'asra--> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mara d'asra</B> (Aramaic)</TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÞÕ¹è¸Ô Ӱзê°è¸Ð</FONT>. <I>Mara</I> in Hebrew means Moreh-teacher/tutor, <I>d'Asra</I> in Hebrew means d'-shel-of, Asra-Asar-place. In Aramaic, a terminal <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ð</FONT> means 'the.' Thus, the phrase means 'The teacher/tutor of the place.' Grand rabbis are known as "Admorim" (Hebrew ÐÓÞÕ"è, which is the acronym for "ÐÓÕàÙàÕ ÞÕèÙàÕ ÕèÑÙàÕ" "Adonainu Morainu V'Rabainu", "Our master, our teacher, and our Rabbi"). Chief Rabbi or spiritual head of a Kehillah (community), town or place. The legal authority or posek in a community who decides issues in the area of halacha (Jewish Law), matters of procedure. </TD></TR> <TR><!-- R' --> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>R'</B></TD><TD><U>R</U>abbi or Reb. A title given to any married religious Jewish male (similar to Mr.)<BR>&nbsp;<BR></TD></TR> <TR><!-- yblch&quot;--> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>yblch&quot;t</B></TD><TD>e.g. yblch t HaRav Chaim Kanievsky, Shlita &nbsp;<!--<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT>. <FONT SIZE="1">USAGE:</FONT> ___. <FONT SIZE="1">TRANSLATION:</FONT> ___. --></TD></TR> <TR HEIGHT="64"><TD COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="CENTER"><BIG>s u f f i x e s</BIG></TD></TR> <TR><!-- a"h --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>a&quot;h</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">â"Ô</FONT>. <FONT SIZE="1">USAGE: </FONT> 1.. <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="da vid,mi riam,rod" SIZE="4">â·Ý Ըиè¶å</FONT>, people of the land. Refers to someone who has not distinguished themselves in Torah-Talmud scholarship. 2.. <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="da vid,mi riam,rod" SIZE="4">â¸Ü¸ÖÕ Ô·éÁ¸ÜÕ¹Ý</FONT>, for any deceased Jew. <FONT SIZE="1">TRANSLATION: </FONT> Peace Be Upon Him/Her</TD></TR> <!--(_Alav_ (Male), _Aleha_ (Female) _Hashalom_)--> <TR><!-- admo"r --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>admo"r</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">ÐÓÞÕ"è</font> <U>Ad</U>onainu, <U>Mo</U>rainu, Ve<U>R</U>abbeinu. <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">ÐÓÕàÙàÕ ÞÕèÙàÕ ÕèÑÙàÕ</font>. <FONT SIZE="1">TRANSLATION:</FONT> Our Master, Our Teacher, and Our Rebbe. Grand rabbis are known as "Admorim."<br><FONT SIZE="1">USAGE:</FONT> Honorific title given to scholarly leaders of a Jewish community: e.g. Admo"r of Tiberius. </TD></TR> <TR><!-- amu"sh --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>amoos, amush</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">TRANSLITERATION:</FONT> <U>A</U>d <U>M</U>aia <U>V</U>eesrim <U>Sh</U>ana. <FONT SIZE="1">USAGE:</FONT> For a salutation in correspondence; Dear Shimon, AMU"Sh. <FONT SIZE="1">TRANSLATION:</FONT> He or she should live to 120 years. </TD></TR> <TR><!-- hy"d --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hy"d</B> </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÔÙ"Ó</FONT> May G-d avenge their blood.</TD></TR> <TR><!-- hy"v --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hy"v</B> </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÔÙ"Õ</FONT>&nbsp; </TD></TR> <TR><!-- n"y --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>n"y</B> </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">à"Ù</FONT> may his light shine</TD></TR> <TR><!-- o.b.m. --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>o.b.m., ob m</B> </TD><TD>of blessed memory</TD></TR> <TR><!-- segal --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>segal</B></TD><TD><FONT SIZE="1">USAGE:</FONT> An abbreviation of "segan le-kohen". "Segen" means lieutenant whilst "segal" means "assistant to the priest." (Levite). </TD></TR> <TR><!-- shlit"a --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shlit"a</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÜÙØ"Ð</FONT>; <U>sh</U>e'yichyeh <U>l</U>'orech <U>y</U>o'mim <U>t</U>o'vim, <U>a</U>men. "May he be worthy to live a long, good life." Denotes a scholar.</TD></TR> <TR><!--tav,chet,yud--><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>&nbsp;</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ê×Ù</font>. <FONT SIZE="1">USAGE:</FONT> Rebbetzin Rochel Berliner '<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">ê×Ù</font></TD></TR> <TR><!-- tlyt"a --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>tlyt"a</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">êÜÙØ"Ð</FONT>, female form of shlit"a</TD></TR> <TR><!-- ylch"t --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ylch"t</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR><!-- ylctv"a --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ylctv"a</B></TD><TD><!--<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT>-->may they have a long life</TD></TR> <TR><!-- ym"sh --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ym"sh</B> </TD><TD><!--<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT>. --><FONT SIZE="1">USAGE:</FONT> yemach shemoh v'zichro. <FONT SIZE="1">TRANSLATION:</FONT> may his name and memory be obliterated. May be appended to the name of Adolf Hitler and other evil people.</TD></TR> <TR><!-- z"l, zal --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>z&quot;l</B> or <B>zal</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ö"Ü</FONT>, <U>z</U>ichronot <U>l</U>ivracha; &quot;May her/his memory be a blessing.&quot; </TD></TR> <TR><!-- zt"l --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ztl</B>, <B>zt&quot;l</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Öæ"Ü</FONT>, <U>z</U>eicher <U>ts</U>adik <U>l</U>ivracha; "The memory of the righteous [shall be] for a blessing." </TD></TR> <TR><!-- ztvk"l --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ztvk"l</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÖæÕç"Ü</FONT>, <U>z</U>eicher <U>t</U>sadik <U>v</U>'<U>k</U>adosh <U>l</U>ivracha; "the memory of the righteous and holy [shall be] for a blessing"</TD></TR> <TR><!-- ztz"l --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ztz"l</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Öæ"Ü</FONT>. zeicher tzadik livracha. "The memory of the righteous [shall be] for a blessing." Same as <B>zt&quot;l</B>, <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Öæ"Ü</FONT>.</TD></TR> <TR><!-- ztzuka"l --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ztzuka"l</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT></TD></TR> <TR><!-- ztzvkllh"h --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ztzvkllh"h</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÖæÕÜÜÔ"Ô</FONT> zecher tzadik vikadosh livracha lichayei haolam haba.</TD></TR> <TR><!-- zy"a --><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>zy"a</B> &nbsp; </TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÖÙ"Ð</FONT></TD></TR> <tr height="64"><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom"><big>miscellany</big> <br><font class="11point">Sentence fragments are shown below</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top"><a name="alyedei"></a><b>a"y</b></td><td><FONT DIR=RTL FACE=DAVID SIZE=5>âôÙ</FONT>. A word, not a personal affix. It is an abbreviation of <i>al yedei</i> = by. See <a href="../hechshers/717.htm">hechsher 717</a> for an example.</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top"><a name=""></a><b>l"a</b></td><td><FONT DIR=RTL FACE=DAVID SIZE=5></FONT><font class="11point">.. if a member is ill, <i>l"a</i>, then the other members must visit him ...</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top"><a name=""></a><b>lhbc"l</b></td><td><FONT DIR=RTL FACE=DAVID SIZE=5></FONT>&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top"><a name=""></a><b>R"l</b></td><td><FONT DIR=RTL FACE=DAVID SIZE=5></FONT>&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top"><a name=""></a><b>tblchtv"a</b></td><td><FONT DIR=RTL FACE=DAVID SIZE=5></FONT><font class="11point">... and <i>tblchtv"a</i> his wife Elisheva ...</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top"><a name=""></a><b>yblcht</b></td><td><FONT DIR=RTL FACE=DAVID SIZE=5></FONT><font class="11point">... The Stanislover Rebbe with <i>yblcht</i> the Munkaczer Rebbe ...</font></td></tr> </TABLE> <!-- END CONTENT --> <BR>&nbsp;<BR> <CENTER><IMG SRC="../magendav.jpg"></CENTER> <BR>&nbsp;<BR> <A NAME="END"></A> <!--</TD></TR></TABLE>--> <!-- end: table to set page width --> </TD></TR></TABLE> <!-- ---------------------------- --> <!-- advertising blocks --> </td><td valign="top"> <table> <tr height="104"><td><a href="../adverts/redirects/1.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/1-x162.jpg" border="1"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/2-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/3-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/4-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/5-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </BASEFONT> </BODY> </HTML>