ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Hechshers - food certification according to Jewish religious law</TITLE> <META NAME="Identifier-URL" CONTENT="http://www.hechshers.info/glossary/index.htm"> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Roger Harris"> <META NAME="Copyright" CONTENT="Roger Harris (C) 2002-2010"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-to" CONTENT="admin&#64hechshers.info"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" CONTENT="No-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-16"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language" CONTENT="english;hebrew"> <META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="Global"> <META NAME="rating" CONTENT="General"> <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <META NAME="revisit-after" CONTENT="40 Days"> <META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="Hechshers resemble trademarks and are affixed to various foods to indicate that a regulatory body has adjudged the food to be in conformance with Jewish laws of ritual purity."> <META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="beth,din,fleischik,food,glatt,hechsher,hecsher,hekhsher,heksher,jew,jewish,kosher,kosher symbol,kashrus,kashrut,label,mark,milchik,parve,rabbi,schochet,sticker,supervision,symbol,wine"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheet.css"> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFF44" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#000080" ALINK="#FF0000" TEXT="#000000"> <BASEFONT FACE="arial,times new roman" COLOR="#000000" SIZE="3"> <!-- table to enclose site and advertising column--> <table border="0" width="808" align="center"> <tr><td width="644"> <A NAME="MENU"></A> <!-- begin:table to set page width --> <TABLE BORDER="4" BORDERCOLOR="#0000FF" WIDTH="640" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" ALIGN="CENTER"> <!-- ----------------------------- --> <TR HEIGHT="32"><TD COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="MIDDLE"><IMG SRC="../magendav.jpg"> &nbsp; <FONT SIZE="1">SUPPORTING ISRAEL WHERE JEWS ARE REBUILDING THEIR OFT-INVADED ANCESTRAL HOMELAND &nbsp; </FONT><IMG SRC="../magendav.jpg"></TD></TR> <!-- -- horizontal menu ---------------------------- --> <TR><A NAME="TOP"></A> <TD WIDTH="120" BGCOLOR="#87CEFA" ALIGN="CENTER" ROWSPAN="2"> <FONT SIZE="1">HECHSHERS<BR>SITE&nbsp;NAVIGATOR<BR><I>Click for ...</I> </FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="940" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE="2"> <A HREF="../shapes/index.htm">HECHSHER INDEX</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../kashauth/index.htm">KASHRUT AUTHORITIES</A> <BR><A HREF="../about.htm">about</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../bibliography/index.htm">bibliography</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../certification.htm">certification</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../gallery/index.htm">gallery</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>glossary</B> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../ingredients/index.htm">ingredients</A> <BR><A HREF="../links.htm">links</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../products/index.htm">products</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../site_statistics.htm">site statistics</A> &nbsp;&#9642;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../kosher_in/index.htm">kosher in</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../k-organic/index.htm">k-organic</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../k-techno/index.htm">k-techno</A> <br><A HREF="../charities.htm">charities</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&#149;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../adverts/index.htm">adverts</A> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="../site-map.htm">site-map</A> </FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="80" ALIGN="CENTER" ROWSPAN="2"><A HREF="../index.htm"><FONT SIZE="2">HOME<BR>PAGE</FONT></A></TD> </TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#87CEFA"> <SMALL> <A HREF="#A">A</A>&nbsp; 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Abbreviation of <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">âչѰӵ٠Ûչ۸ѴÙÝ Õ¼Þ·Ö¼¸ÜÕ¹ê</FONT>. Translation: non-Jew, gentile, pagan. Usually describes a prohibition against eating food which was not supervised by a Jew during its production.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Ashkenaz</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT>Medi&aelig;val Hebrew word for Germany. The word 'Ashkenazi' refers to German and eastern European Jews.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="B"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bacon</B></TD><TD>This word, usually taken to refer to processed <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig">pig</A> meat, appears to have been given a confusing new meaning in American English where it may mean <I>smoked</I> or <I>dry-cured</I>. Thus, certified-kosher <A HREF="http://www.peronafarms.com/salmon-order.html">"salmon bacon"</A> and <I>Beef Bacon</I>,<A HREF="http://www.klapholz.com/about-us/">glatt-kosher bacon</A></I>. <A HREF="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/daily_life/Kashrut/Overview_Kosher_Food/Shopping_for_Kosher_Food.htm">Kosher bacon</A>, i.e. an imitation of real pork, may be made from soya beans plus a kosher flavouring. Here in the U.K. non-kosher <I>turkey ham</I> is sold by <A HREF="http://www.bernardmatthews.com/productscookedmeats.asp">Bernard Matthews Ltd.</A> and it is made from turkey meat cut from the hams, i.e. the hocks or rear part of the thighs, of the bird. Despite the name it does not contain any pork. <i>Hogget</i> meat is not from hogs or pigs. It is meat from a sheep which is older than one year but younger than two years - the latter is classed as mutton. See dictionaries such as Websters Concise (U.S.A.) and Chambers 20th Century (U.K.) for meanings. See also Chumash: <A HREF="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0311.htm">Vayikra/Leviticus 11</A> for halacha, (<SMALL>English, Hebrew, audio</SMALL>). </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="30%"><B>Badatz</B></TD><TD WIDTH="70%"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÑÓ"æ</FONT> or <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÑÓ"å</FONT>, contraction of <U>B</U>eth <U>D</U>in <U>Tz</U>edek.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bedika</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ°Ó´Ùç¸Ô</FONT> The internal and external examination by a shochet of the carcass of a slaughtered animal. See <I>bodek</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Beit Yosef</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÑÙê ÙÕáã</FONT>. A stringent application of kashrut based upon <I>The Beit Yosef</I>, an encyclop&aelig;dic compilation of Jewish law based upon <I>The Tur</I> and written by Rabbi Yosef Caro (1488-1575 CE) who also wrote <I>The Shulchan Aruch</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><a name="687"></a><B>beitzim shelanu</B></TD><TD><table width="102" align="right"><tr><td><img src="../logos/687-tn.jpg"><br><small>Source: Elisha&#153; Mayonnaise, 950 grams, Belgium. </small></td></tr></table> overnight eggs. According to halacha eggs should not be removed from their shells and left in that state overnight. The term "overnight" is used elsewhere in cookery when a mixture of ingredients is allowed to stand for several hours or even overnight before the next cooking stage. See also <a href="../shapes/104.htm">beitzim shelanu page</a>.</TD></TR></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Beth</B>, also beis, bet, beith, bait</TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ѵÙê</FONT>, house [of ...].</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Beth Din</B></TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"> ѵÙê Ó´Ùß </FONT>, plural forms: Bate Dinim, Botei Dinim. House/court of law, halachic court, ecclesiastical authorities.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bishul</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ´éÕ¼Ü</FONT>, <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ´ÙéÕ¼Ü</FONT>, cooking, process of.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bishul akum</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ´éÁÕ¼Ü â·Û¼Õ¼Ý</FONT>, food prepared by a non-Jew.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bishul Israel</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ´éÕ¼Ü Ù´éÂè·ÐµÜ</FONT>, food prepared by a Jew according to halachah.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bishul nochri</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ´éÕ¼Ü à¸Û°è´Ù</FONT>, food prepared by a non-Jew.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bodek, bodaik</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ѹÕÓµç</FONT>; examiner or tester, especially of things. See <I>bedika</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bottul b'shishim</B><BR>bitul</TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ¸ØµÜ Ѽ°éÁ´éÁ´ÙÝ</FONT>, one sixtieth, an insignificant amount. Bitul = self-nullification.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>beracha </B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ѽ°è¸Û¸Ô</FONT> A blessing such as those which are recited before eating. Some hechshers, when attached to a particular food product, include a hint to ensure that the correct beracha is recited. <small>Examples: <a href="../hechshers/444.htm">hechsher-a</a>, <a href="../hechshers/491.htm">hechsher-b</a>, <a href="../hechshers/530.htm">hechsher-c</a>. Sam Sultan's <a href="http://brochot.tripod.com/foods/index.htm#top">beracha web-site</a></small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>bs"d</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ñá"Ó</FONT> <I>beit, samech, daled</I> is an abbreviation of b'siyata d'Shmaya (Aramaic) meaning "with G-d's help" and is written by non-compulsory custom at the top of a page as a prayer for success in what is written below. </TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="C"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chalak</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">׸ܸç</FONT>, smooth. See <I>glatt kosher</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chalav</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">׸ܸÑ</FONT>, milk. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chalav akum</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×¸Ü¸Ñ â·Û¼Õ¼Ý </FONT>. Unsupervised milk produced by non-Jews.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chalav Israel</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×¸Ü¸Ñ Ù´éÂè¸ÐµÜ</FONT>; milk supervised by a Jew through all stages of its production and including dairy products made from that milk.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chalav stam</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×¸Ü¸Ñ á°ê¸"Ý</FONT>; milk produced according to halacha.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>challah, hala</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">׷ܼ¸Ô</FONT>, dough which is made from one or more of the <a href="#FIVEGRAINS">five grains</a>, i.e. barley, oats, rye, spelt, wheat, and intended for bread, cakes,biscuits, matzo, etc. <br>(1) The mitzvah of separating challah/hala is the process of removing a small piece of dough which in Temple times was baked together with the main dough and then presented to the Temple kohanim. Nowadays the small separated piece which should be no smaller than an olive is burned to ashes. On packages of &quot;Kosher for Passover" matzot you may find the text &quot;Hala selected according to Jewish law&quot; which means that the mitzvah was performed by the baker. <br>(2) Challos/challot/khale: bread loaves, braided or of some other distinctive design, which by long-established tradition are eaten on Shabbat and Festival meals. Also known as <I>kitke</I> in South Africa where the word stems from Lithuanian usage and perhaps also from the Finn-Ugor <I>kitke</I> which means "weave." [<small><a href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/food/Overview_Ashkenazi_Cuisine/German_Beginnings/Food_Hallah_Roden.htm">more about Shabbat breads</a></small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chemat akum</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">׶ްиê â·Û¼Õ¼Ý</FONT>. Unsupervised butter produced by non-Jews.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chodosh</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">׸ӸéÁ</FONT>, new, new-crop [of grain]. See <I>yoshon</I>, below for description and link. See <i><a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/">A Guide to Chodosh</a></i> by Yoseph Herman. (scroll down about 1 screen for link to page book)</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chok</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×¹ç</FONT>, a divine command whose reason has not been revealed.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chometz</B>, chamez</TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">׸޵å</FONT>. Any leavened food, e.g. leavened bread, made from any or all of the five species of grain (barley, oats, rye, spelt or wheat). All food forbidden during Passover. See also <I>se-or</I>, below. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chug</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×Õ¼Ò</FONT> a group of people for a special purpose; e.g. <A HREF="kashauth/18.htm"><I>Chug Chatam Sofer</I></A>. May also mean a small jump when dancing the Jewish version of the Czardas. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chumrah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×»Þ°è¸Ô</FONT>. Stringency [in the application of the laws of kashrut]. <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">׸ÞÕ¼è</FONT> = stringent. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>chutz l'aretz</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×Õ¼å ܸиè¶å</FONT>, abroad, countries outside Israel.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="D"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>dayan</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ó¼·Ù¸ß</FONT> A judge in a Jewish religious court, i.e. Beth Din. All dayanim are rabbis but the two titles are not used together. Thus a typical usage might be <I>Dayan Moshe Levy</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>DE</B></TD><TD>Initial letters of <U>D</U>airy <U>E</U>quipment. The meaning is that the product has been produced using dairy equipment which may or may not have been washed prior to use. This may be significant in, for example, soya bean milk. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>din</B></TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ó´Ùß</FONT>, dinim (plural). A law, Jewish law.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>DK&quot;K</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Óç"ç</FONT>; see K&quot;K.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="E"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>edut</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">âÓê</FONT> community of ..., communal. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>eighteen minutes<BR>18 minutes</B></TD><TD><TABLE ALIGN="RIGHT" WIDTH="128" BORDER="0"><TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="glossary-18minutes.jpg" WIDTH="128"></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><SMALL>A section of a box of <BR><A HREF="http://www.yehudamatzos.com/asg/Item_100088.html">Jerusalem's Matzos&#153;</A><BR>showing the<BR>"18 minutes" notice</SMALL></TD></TR></TABLE>&nbsp;<BR><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">×"Ù è°Ò¸â´ÙÝ</FONT>. In making matzot the term refers to the maximum period of time which may elapse between wetting the matzo flour and placing the kneaded dough in the oven. Sometimes found alongside a hechsher on boxes of Kosher L'Pesach matzot. The actual baking time is only about two or three minutes [<SMALL>Somewhat confusingly, <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">趽ҷâ</FONT>, rega, is translated variously as minute (60 seconds) or moment (a very brief period of time).</SMALL>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Eretz Yisrael</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">жè¶å Ù´é°è¸ÐµÜ</FONT>, The Land of Israel.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="F"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>F</B></TD><TD>When placed adjacent to a hechsher it indicates that a food contains fish products. For example, Tropicana&#153; Orange Juice with Omega 3 oil. This is to prevent eating meat and fish together.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><a name="FIVEGRAINS"></a><B>five grains<BR>5 grains</B></TD><TD><!--<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT>-->matzah which is kosher lepesach must be made from one of the five prescribed grains (barley, oats, rye, spelt, wheat) which may not be used for any other purpose, e.g. grain-based alcoholic beverages. For the latter, non-grains such as fruit or potatoes may be used instead. [<SMALL><A HREF="http://www.jewishrecipes.org/jewish-foods/matzah.html">more</A></SMALL>]. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>fleischig, fleischik</B></TD><TD>[Yiddish], food containing meat or fowl and/or products derived from them.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="G"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>gebrocht, gebrokht, gebruks, gebrachts</B></TD><TD>[Yiddish]. Matzah meal moistened with a liquid. See also <I>non-gebrocht</I>. Shruya <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°è´Ù¸Ô</FONT> = soaking, steeping.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>gevinat akum</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ò°Ñ´Ùà¸ê â·Û¼Õ¼Ý </FONT>. Unsupervised cheese made by non-Jews.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>gid hanasheh</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ò´ÙÓ Ôà¸éÁ¶Ô</FONT> &nbsp; "displaced" sinew/tendon, i.e. the sinew which was displaced during Jacob's fight with an angel. Genesis 32:33. Artscroll Stone Tanach page notes for 32:33: "Two primary tissues are forbidden in the hindquarter: The inner sinew - the sciatic nerve - is forbidden by Torah law. The outer sinew - the common peroneal nerve - is forbidden by the Sages (<I>Chullin</I> 91a)." The sciatic sinew is removed from the carcase of kosher animals by a process known as <A HREF="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=453&letter=P">porging</A> (nikkur).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>glatt</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÒÜÐØ</FONT>, smooth (Yiddish).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>glatt kosher</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÒÜÐØ Û¹é¶è</FONT>, A stringent application of kashrut which includes an inspection of the surface of the lungs of a slaughtered animal. Certain imperfections or lesions may render the animal non-kosher. The term has wider use and is used to indicate an especially rigorous implementation of the criteria of kashrut. </TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="H"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hair</B>, also <b>hoeir</b></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ô·â´Ùè</FONT> [the] town or city, e.g. Vaad Hoeir St. Louis. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hala</B></TD><TD> see challah. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>halachah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Բܸ۸Ô</FONT>, The body of Jewish law including those parts of the Talmud which deal with law; a legal decision according to Jewish law.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hashgachah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ô·éÁ°Ò¼¸×¸Ô</FONT>, supervision. According to Rabbi Abraham Bloch in <I>The Biblical and Historical Background of Jewish Customs and Ceremonies</I> the need for supervision <I>(hashgachah)</I> existed in the talmudic era.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hashgachat</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ô·éÁ°Ò¼¸×¸ê</FONT>, under the supervision of ...</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>haskamah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ô·á°Û¼¸Þ¸Ô</FONT>. A letter, often handwritten, signifying approval and recommendation. Frequently found in the introductory pages of a book and is likely to be written by a rabbi or other authority on the book's theme. An anagram of haskamah, i.e. hasmachah, <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">Ô·á°Þ¸Û¸Ô</FONT>, has the meaning &quot;authorisation, award of academic degree.&quot; <SMALL><SMALL>LINK</SMALL>: Students of handwriting, e.g. calligraphers and graphologists, will find many styles of hand-written Hebrew in haskamot.</SMALL></TD></TR><ALT="calligraphy,graphology"> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hechsher<BR>hekhsheir</b></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ô¶Û°éÁµè</FONT>, hechsherim (plur). A guarantee of kashruth given by a competent authority and represented on a package by a recognised symbol.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Hechsher Tzedek</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÔÛéè  æÓç</FONT>. A <a href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Blog">blog</a> published by <a href="mailto:mojo210al@aol.com">Rabbi Morris Allen</a> at <a href="http://rabbimorrisallen2.blogspot.com/">http://rabbimorrisallen2.blogspot.com/</a>. Hechsher Tzedek promotes the notion of adding Jewish ethical law to existing kashrut law: <i>"We need to be certain that the food we are obligated to eat is produced in a way that demonstrates concern for those who produce it."</i></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>hekhsher kelim</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ô¶Û°éÁµè Û¼µÜ´Ý</FONT>&nbsp; Kashering: a process whereby a forbidden food substance which has been absorbed by the walls of a cooking pot is subsequently removed. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>heter</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Զ꼵è</FONT>, permit, authorisation.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>heter mechira</B></TD><TD><!--<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT>-->The halachically controversial sale of farmland in Israel by a farmer to a non-Jew to avoid the prohibition of working the land during the Shmittah year. After the expiry of the shmittah year the farmland is purchased back from the non-Jew. </TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="I"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>igud</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">дҼռÓ</FONT>, union, association, e.g. <A HREF="hechshers/435.htm">Badatz Igud Rabbonim</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>insects</B></TD><TD>A detailed discussion of the various halachic problems of eating insects written by Rabbi Zushe Blech may be found at <A HREF="http://www.kashrut.com/articles/Bugs_in_Lettuce/">http://www.kashrut.com/articles/Bugs_in_Lettuce/</A> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>International Date Line</B></TD><TD>Significant in the context of Hawaii in establishing dates and times of Shabbes and for the disposal or sale of chometz before Pesach. <SMALL><SMALL>BOOK</SMALL>: <I>The International Date Line In Halacha</I>, compiled and adapted by Zalman Tropper from <I>Kitsur Taarich Yisroel</I> written by Rabbi Yisroel Taplin.</SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Israel</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù´é°è¸ÐµÜ</FONT> For a list of towns and cities in Israel, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel">click here</a>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>issur</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">дé¼ÁÕ¼è</FONT> approval, endorsement.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="J"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Jeshurun</B><BR>also <b>Yeshurun, Yesurun</b>.</TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù°éÁ»èÕ¼ß</FONT> Not specifically a hechsher term but it appears on hechshers as part of some congregational names. A poetic term refering to the people of Israel, it conveys meanings of rectitude and uprightness. See Deut. 32:15, 33:5, 33:26, Isaiah 44:2. <I>Jeschurun</I> - an Orthodox Jewish religious journal published in Germany from about 1913-14 to beyond 1928.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="K"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kacher</B></TD><TD>kosher. Ladino. See <I>kosher</I> for definition. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kasher</B></TD><TD>Sephardi pronunciation of <I>kosher</I>. See <I>kosher</I> for definition.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kashrus</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Û·é°èÕ¼ê </FONT>, Ashkenasic pronunciation of kashrut (qv). The final letter, <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ê</FONT>, is pronounced as an 's' instead of 't.'</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kashrus angst</B></TD><TD>A deep personal anxiety that a perceived level of kashrus may not be sufficiently kosher, hence <I>kosher, kosher mehadrin, kosher mehadrin min hamehadrin</I>, etc.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kashrus seal</B></TD><TD>a hechsher (qv). See also <I>plumba</I>, below.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kashrut, kashruth</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Û·é°èÕ¼ê</FONT>. The requirements of Jewish dietary laws.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kemach yoshon</B><br>kemach yashan</TD><TD valign="top"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ç¶½Þ·× Ù¸éÁ¸ß</FONT>, old flour, see <I>yoshon</I>, below.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kilayim</B></TD><TD>A treatise within the Mishnah. Describes the prohibitions relating to mixtures of seeds and trees (.. planting different types of vegetables too close to each other, grafting of some species.), cattle (.. cross-breeding), materials and clothing (.. sha'atnez).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kinyan</B></TD><TD>The act of authorising or receiving an authorisation.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kitniyot, kitnios</B><A NAME="KITNIYOT"></A></TD><TD>Leguminous seeds, e.g., beans, corn, lentils, mustard, peas, sesame, rice, etc., which may be made into flour. Not kosher for Pesach use in the Ashkenazi tradition. Derivative products, e.g. sesame oil are kosher L'Pesach according to some Ashkenazi rabbis. Kitniyot are kosher L'Pesach in the Sephardi tradition, hence a hechsher might read: <I>Cosher L'Pesach, Kitniyot</I>. It has been said that had potatoes been commonly grown in Europe and the Middle-East in Gaonic times that they too would have been considered as chometz since they may be made into flour.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>k&quot;k</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ç°Ô´ÙÜ¸Ô ç°ÓÕ¼éÁ¸Ô=ç"ç</FONT>, <U>K</U>ehilla <U>K</U>edusha, holy congregation. Typical usage: K&quot;K Bet Israel.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>KLP</B></TD><TD>abbreviation of Kosher LePesach (colloquial usage).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>korobka</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT> A tax on meat slaughtered and sold according to laws of kashrut. Levied from the seventeenth century by authorities via Jewish Kahal in Poland and Russia ostensibly for the benefit of the Jewish community. A play entitled "Di takse" ("The Meat Tax") (1869) was written in Yiddish by Mendele Moykher-Sforim (born Shalom Yakov Abramovitch). [<SMALL><A HREF="http://oukosher.org/index.php/recipes/single/oven_roasted_beef_brisket/">more (see item: Oven-Roasted Beef Brisket)</A>, <A HREF="http://oukosher.org/index.php/articles/single/103">more at 70%</A></SMALL>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kosher</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Û¼¸éÁµè</FONT>, being permitted for use according to the law of the Torah as it is listed in the <I>Shulchan Aruch</I>. Rabbi Yisroel Bendelstein (OU)(<I>Hamodia</I>, 13 March 2006, page M6), states that the word <I>kosher</I> may be found in Megillat Esther 8:5 <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Õ°Û¸éÁµè</FONT> and nowhere else in the Tenach. The two main Torah sources of kashrus information are Vayikra/Leviticus XI and Devarim/Deuteronomy XIV. In many U.S.A. states, some European countries and in the State of Israel, the term is legally protected. In English slang <I>kosher</I> conveys meanings of legality and legitimacy.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kosher hopping</B></TD><TD>The practice whereby a restaurant or food manufacturer switches from a kashrut supervisory agency to another which has less stringent or even lenient standards. [<small><small>SOURCE</small>: <a href="http://divbusiness.qm4.net/members/ViewMailing.aspx?MailingID=109502">Kosher Today e-mail newsletter, 30 April 2007</a></small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>kosher symbol</B></TD><TD> equivalent in meaning to <I>hechsher</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>koshering</B></TD><TD>The removal of blood from kosher meat by means of salting.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>KSML</B></TD><TD><u>K</u>o<u>S</u>her <u>M</u>ea<u>L</u>, as used to refer to kosher meals in airline catering.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>k'tav kabbala</B></TD><TD><!--<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT>--> A certificate of competence granted to a shochet (Jewish ritual slaughterer) which confirms that he is familiar with the laws and practice of schechita and bedika.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="L"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>lechumrah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ü°×»Þ°è¸Ô</FONT>, severity, stringency, strictness. See <I>shemittah lechumrah</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>logo</B></TD><TD>abbreviated form of logotype. A distinctively styled representation of an organisation's name, trademark, etc. Designed for easy and definite recognition, usually protected by copyright laws. A hechsher symbol may be considered to be the logo of a kashrut authority.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="M"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <!-- <TR BGCOLOR="GOLD"><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ma'aser oni</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">___</FONT>the tenth of a crop intended for the poor.</TD></TR> <TR BGCOLOR="GOLD"><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ma'aser rishon</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">___</FONT>one-tenth of the yield of a crop; the levi's portion.</TD></TR> <TR BGCOLOR="GOLD"><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ma'aser sheni</B>, <BR>also <B>ma'aser oni</B><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">___</FONT>one-tenth of a crop which remains after the <I>ma'aser rishon</I> (qv) has been separated</TD></TR> --> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mashgiach</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ·éÁ°Ò´Ù×·</FONT>, a supervisor of production according to the law of kashrut in food factories, butchers and restaurants. See also <I>shomer</I> (qv).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mashgiach timidi</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ·éÁ°Ò´×· ê°Þ´ÙÓ´Ù</FONT>, permanent or continuous supervision.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mayim shelanu</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ·½Ù´Ý é¶Ü¸àÕ¼</FONT> Water which has rested and cooled overnight and is used to make kosher L'Pesach matzot. [<SMALL><A HREF="http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/tzav/amymshlnu.htm">more-1</A>, <A HREF="http://www.ou.org/TORAH/tt/5760/metzora60/specialfeatures_mitzvot.htm">more-2</A></SMALL>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><IMG SRC="mazah.jpg" ALT="mazah"></TD><TD>matza.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mercaz</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">޶輰ۼ¸Ö</FONT>, centre, specifically the National Centre for Shemittah-Observant Farmers, Israel, which provides financial support for farmers during the shemittah year. </TD></TR><!-- some references: Hamodia, 29dec2002,p31.--> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mehadrin</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ¶Ô·Óè´Ùß</FONT>, meticulous [in the degree of observance of halacha, ie. Jewish law]. Usage: Kosher L'Mehadrin [strictly kosher], also Kosher Mehadrin min HaMehadrin.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mehadar</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ°Ô·Ó¼µè</FONT>, meticulous in Jewish observance. See <A HREF="../hechshers/268.htm">mezuzah hechsher</A> for usage </TD></TR> <TR><A NAME="MEVUSHAL"></A><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mevushal</B></TD><TD><TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="RIGHT"><TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="../logos/527.jpg" WIDTH="112" BORDER="1"><BR><SMALL>mevushal symbol</SMALL></TD></TR></TABLE><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ°Ñ»éÁ¸Ü</FONT>, boiled or cooked wine. The wine is heated, red wine to a temperature of about 180&deg;F/82&deg;C, white wine to a lower temperature, and is maintained at that temperature for a period. Some consider that wine must lose some of its volume during boiling. The mevushal process often causes superior-quality wines to be reduced in quality. They also do not mature as well as non-mevushal wines. <I>yayin mevushal</I> = wine which has undergone the mevushal process. <br>&#149; <small>A concise description of the production process for kosher wine may be found under the heading <I>Abarbanel Wines from France</I> at <A HREF="http://www.abarbanel.com/kashrut.shtml">http://www.abarbanel.com/kashrut.shtml</A>. </small> <br>&#149; <small>A summary of the halachic aspects of kosher wines may be found on the <a href="http://www.israelwines.co.il/ArticlesEng/Article.asp?ArticleID=722&CategoryID=88">Israel Wines web-site</a>.</small></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mezonos</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ°ÖÕ¹àÕ¹ê,  Þ¸ÖÕ¹ß</FONT> Food. A baked food similar to bread but sufficiently different so as not to be confused with bread. It may contain fruit juice. Its consumption as part of a meal requires the recitation of a blessing (borei minai mezonos) but not washing of the hands. [<small><a href="http://www.skokiekollel.org/halacha/v1no6.html">more</a></small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mikveh</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ´ç°Õ¶Ô</FONT>, a small ritual pool of water used, in the context of kashrut, for the immersion of cooking and eating utensils which are owned by Jews. It is usually filled with rainwater and may be situated outdoors. An entirely separate and much larger mikveh is used for the immersion and ritual purification of Jewish people. [<small><a href="../bibliography/index.htm#tevilathkelim">more</a></small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>milchig, milchik</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÞÙÜÛÙç</FONT>, [Yiddish], milky, a food which contains milk and/or products derived from milk.</TD></TR> <!-- <TR BGCOLOR="GOLD"><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>miluy ve'iruy</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT> koshering [of tanks] by filling and emptying (rinsing?)</TD></TR> --> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>minhag</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ´à°Ô¸Ò</FONT>, A Jewish tradition or custom. A minhag which has been practised for several centuries may have the force of halachah.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mitzvah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Þ´æ°Õ¸Ô</FONT>, a commandment derived from the Torah.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>mosad</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ÞÕ¹á¸Ó</FONT>, institute (n), e.g. <A HREF="../hechshers/433.htm">National Kashrut Institute of America</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="N"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>nesech</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ලá·×</FONT>, a certificate of ownership of immovable property, an extract from a document.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>nochri</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">à¸Û°è´Ù</FONT>, foreign, alien.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>non-gebrocht, non-gebrokht,<br>non-gebrokts,<BR>not gebruks</B></TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><table border="0" width="144" align="right"><tr><td><img src="nongebrokts-x144.jpg" width="144"><br><font class="9point">... FROM A BOX OF GEFEN&#174; THIN NOODLES - may be used for Passover</font><br>&nbsp;</td></tr></table>[Yiddish]. Dry, unmoistened matzah meal. See also <I>gebrocht</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="O"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>orlah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT>the fruit of a tree is forbidden for any purpose during the first three years after its planting or transplanting. Lev. XIX, 23-25.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><a name="687"></a><B>overnight eggs</B></TD><TD>See <i>beitzim shelanu</i>, above</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="P"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>P</B></TD><TD> has significance when placed next to a hechsher. It generally means <I>pareve</I> (neither meat nor milk) but may also mean <I>Kosher for Passover</I>. Choose carefully.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>palter</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT> a professional baker</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>parev, pareve, pareveh</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">äзèâðâ</FONT>, Yiddish; adj; neutral, neither meaty nor milky; fruit, vegetables, eggs, fish. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>parva, parve</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä·½è°Õ¶Ô</FONT>, Hebrew; adj., neutral, neither meaty nor milky. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pas</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼·ê</FONT>, Ashkenazi pronunciation of <I>pat</I>, q.v.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pasul, posul</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¸áÕ¼Ü</FONT>, being unfit, according to halachah, for use or consumption.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pat</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼·ê</FONT>, bread, piece of bread.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pat akum</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼·ê â·Û¼Õ¼Ý</FONT>, bread prepared by a non-Jew.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pat Israel</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼·ê Ù´éÂè·ÐµÜ</FONT>, bread/food/morsel prepared by a Jew according to halacha.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pat nochri</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼·ê à¸Û°è´Ù</FONT>, baked breads and cakes baked by non-Jews.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pat palter</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼·ê </FONT>, professionally/commercially baked bread products.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pat shel habayit</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT>home baked bread</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Pesach, Pessach, <BR>Pesah</B> [Ladino]<B>,</B><BR><IMG SRC="pesah.jpg" ALT="pesah">&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">伶½á·×</FONT>, the festival of Passover when the laws of kashrut are more stringently applied than during the rest of the year.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>pesak, posuk, p'sak</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼°á¸ç</FONT>, a ruling or decision in Jewish law.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>plumba</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ä¼ÜиÞѼâ</FONT> (Yiddish). A metal seal or tag. Attached to meat and fowl products as proof of supervision.</TD></TR> <!-- <TR><TD><A NAME="Q"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> --> <TR><TD><A NAME="R"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>R'</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">è'</FONT> abbreviation of rabbi</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>ragil</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">è¸Ò´ÙÜ</FONT> ordinary, usual kosher (<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">Û¼¸éÁµè  è¸Ò´ÙÜ</FONT>), i.e. not glatt, not mehadrin.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>rav</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">è·Ñ</FONT> (plural:<FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"> è·Ñ¼¸à´ÙÝ</FONT>), a rabbi who has been granted 'semicha' (been ordained) by a competent rabbinic authority.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Rav Ezori</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">è·Ñ  Ð±ÖÕÕ¹è´Ù¼</FONT>, Regional Rabbi, i.e. a rabbi with responsibility for a wide, usually country, area of Israel.</TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="S"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>sefichim</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">á°ä´Ù×´ÙÝ</FONT>. Sefichim are vegetables and grains which grow independently of cultivation (aftergrowth) in the year of shemittah. They may not be eaten. Fruits are excluded from the prohibition.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>semicha</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">á°Þ´ÙÛ¸Ô</FONT>, ordination of a rabbi, an authorisation to make rabbinic decisions.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>se-or</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">é°ÐÕ¹è</FONT>. The second of two categories of foods (see <I>chometz</I>, above) which are forbidden during Pesach. Se-or includes <I>Marmite</I>&#153; and <I>Vegemite</I>&#153;.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Sepharad</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT>Derived from Hebrew word for Spain. Spanish or Eastern Jews.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Seven Kinds</B></TD><TD> of produce of Eretz Yisrael: wheat, barley, dates, figs, grapevines, olive oil and pomegranates. <br>See <A HREF="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0508.htm#8">Parshat Eikev: 8-8</a>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>sha'alah, sheylah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°ÐµÜ¸Ô</FONT>. A question. It may require a rabbinic opinion on the kashrut status of, e.g., a chicken, some meat or a manufactured foodstuff.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>sha'atnez</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ·â·½Ø°àµÖ</FONT>, the prohibited mixture, according to halachah, of wool and linen in a garment. Sha'atnez inspection laboratories will label garments which are free of sha'atnez. Garment components which might contain sha'atnez include all the different fabrics, threads [for joining], linings, interlinings and stiffenings. The sha'atnez label is a kind of hechsher. See Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:11.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Shatnez Gatz</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5"></FONT>A cluster of words in the Chumash where all the letters which have tagim (crowns) are located close together. In <a href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0522.htm#11">Devarim, 22:11-12</a> The words are <u>shatnez</u> <font class="11point">[11,word_3]</font>, <u>tz</u>emer <font class="11point">[11,word_4]</font> and <u>g</u>'dilim <font class="11point">[12,word_1]</font>. In <a href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0319.htm#19">,Vayikra 19:19</a> only <u>shatnez</u> is cited. It is also an acronym used by Sofrei STaM to remember the set of letters: shin, ayin, tet, nun, zayin, gimel, tzadi sofit, nun sofit, tzadi. For each letter in the set the leftmost head must be drawn as a zayin. All other heads are to be drawn as yuds. [<small><a href="http://torat-imeinu.blogspot.com/2010/04/shatnez-gatz.html">more-1</a>, <a href="http://kolel.org/torahstory/module1/letters.html">more-2</a></small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shechita</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°×´ÙظÔ</FONT>, The method and act of slaughtering animals for human consumption as described in the Torah.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><a name="shemittah"></a><B>shemittah, shmita, sh'mittah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°Þ´Ø¼¸Ô</FONT>, The seventh or sabbatical year when farmland in Israel is allowed to lie fallow, usually by religiously observant farmers. In the shemittah year 5761 [2000-2001 CE] the area of land lying fallow was 60,000 acres (40,000 in the previous shemittah year). Lying fallow here means no cultivation or irrigation although, depending upon the crop, certain minimally intrusive processes such as spraying to prevent infestation may be permitted by heter (qv). [<small><a href="../shapes/103.htm">See shemittah page.</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmita">See Wikipedia.</a></small>]</TD></TR><!--Jewish Tribune, 23may2002,10--> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shemittah lechumrah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°Þ´Ø¼¸Ô Ü°×»Þ°è¸Ô</FONT>, Strict observance of shemittah. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shemura, sh'mura</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°ÞÕ¼è¸Ô</FONT>, watched. <I>Matzah shemura</I> is matzah which has been watched/supervised through all its processes from inspecting the grain prior to planting to the emergence of each piece of matza from the baking oven. Ordinary matzah is known as <I>matzah peshuta</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shlit'a</B><BR>shalita, shelita [Sephardi], schlitto</TD><TD> &nbsp; <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÜÙØ"Ð</FONT>; <U>sh</U>e'yichyeh <U>l</U>'orech <U>y</U>o'mim <U>t</U>o'vim, <U>a</U>men , may he be worthy to live a long, good life. Denotes a scholar. <I>Shlit"a</I>, one of several <A HREF="glossary-1.htm">personal name affixes</A>, may appear on some hechshers appended to the name of the certifying rabbi. The unrelated homonym <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="da vid,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">éÜÙØÔ</FONT> has meanings of control and mastery.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shochet</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ¹Õ×µØ</FONT>, A person authorised by a Bet Din to practise shechita (qv).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shomer</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ¹ÕÞµè</FONT>, A supervisor, male or female, who supervises the production and sale of kosher food. See also mashgiach (qv).</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>sh'tar mechirah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°Ø·è¾Þ¶Û´è·Ô</FONT>, Bill of Sale, especially a means of enabling a kosher restaurant to stay open for business on Shabbat. The business is sold to a non-Jew before Shabbat and then sold back after Shabbat thereby preventing the Jewish owner from benefitting from work performed on Shabbat. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Shulchan Aruch</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">é»Ü°×¸ß â¸èÕ¼Ú°</FONT>, <I>The Prepared Table</I>, the compendium of Jewish law.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>shviit, sheviyit</B><BR>[<SMALL>pronounced sheh-vee-eet</SMALL>]</TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">éÁ°Ñ´Ùâ´Ùê</FONT>, one seventh, 1/7.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>sokhnoot</B></TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">áÕ¹Û°àÕ¼ê</FONT>, agency, e.g. Sacramento Agency for Kashrut.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>stam</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">á°ê¸"Ý</FONT>, acronym derived from <U>S</U>efer Torah, <U>T</U>efilin <U>a</U>nd <U>M</U>ezuzah, <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">á°ä¸è´ÙÝ ê¼°ä´ÙÜ´Ùß Þ°ÖÕ¼ÖÕ¹ê</FONT></TD></TR> <!-- <TR BGCOLOR="GOLD"><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>stam yeynam</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">_Hebrew_</FONT>wine forbidden after mevushal process which did not reach a sufficiently high temperature. </TD></TR> --> <TR><TD><A NAME="T"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>terumah</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ê¼°èÕ¼Þ¸Ô</FONT>, a small portion of food separated from the whole. Originally the cohen's (priest's) portion.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>teudat kashrut</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ê¼°âÕ¼Ó¸ê Û¼·éÁ°èÕ¼ê</FONT>, a certificate of kashrut issued to restaurants and hotels. Usually expires after one year and must be renewed.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>teudat rabbanut</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ê¼°âÕ¼Ó¸ê Ô¸è·Ñ¼¸àÕ¼ê</FONT>, a kashrut certificate issued by the local [Israeli] rabbinic kashrut committee. Expires after three months and must be renewed.</TD></TR> <!-- <TR BGCOLOR="GOLD"><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>terumath ma'aser</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">___</FONT>one-tenth of the ma'aser and given by the levi to the cohen.</TD></TR> --> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>tevilah</B><BR>tovel, toivel</TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ø°Ñ´ÙܸÔ</FONT>, the immersion of cooking utensils in a mikveh (ritual pool) prior to the first use by a Jew. A mikveh for utensils is much smaller than a mikveh intended for people and is never used for human immersion.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>timidi, t'midi</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">ê°Þ´ÙÓ´Ù</FONT>, Permanent/continuous, see <I>mashgiach timidi</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>tovel, toivel</B></TD><TD>to immerse. Colloquial usage, See tevilah, above.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>trefah, treif, treifah, treifos</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ø°èµä¸Ô</FONT>, torn. Is based upon the Torah prohibition against eating a limb which has been torn from a living creature. The opposite of <I>kosher</I>, i.e. being unfit, according to halachah, for use or consumption.<br>[<small>Alternative: Trayfe: a tray of non-kosher food</small>]</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>tzedek, zedek</B></TD><TD VALIGN="TOP"><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">涽Ӷç</FONT>, justice.</TD></TR> <!-- <TR><TD><A NAME="U"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> --> <TR><TD><A NAME="V"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>vaad, va'ad</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Õ·½â·Ó</FONT>, committee, council.</TD></TR> <!-- <TR><TD><A NAME="W"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD><A NAME="X"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> --> <TR><TD><A NAME="Y"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>yayin</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù·½Ù´ß</FONT>, wine. </TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>yayin akum</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù·½Ù´ß â·Û¼Õ¼Ý</FONT>. Wine produced by a non-Jew.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>yayin mevushal</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù·½Ù´ß Þ°Ñ»éÁ¸Ü</FONT>, cooked or boiled wine. See <I>mevushal</I>, above.</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Yeshurun</B></TD><TD>See Jeshurun, above</TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="YOSHON"></A><B>yoshon</B></TD><TD><a name="688"></a> <!-- <table border="1" width="128" align="right"><tr><td><img src="../hechshers/688-tn152.jpg" width="128"><br><small><i>Yiddish text</i>: <br>gemacht nach pesach [made after Pesach]</small><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="4">êéáôÖ</FONT> <small>2007<hr>Source: Kemach&#153; Organic Spelt Matzos</small></td></tr></table> --> <FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù¸éÁ¸ß</FONT>, old, old-crop [of grain]. <A HREF="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0323.htm#14">Leviticus 23:14</a> prohibits eating the new crop of grain (wheat, barley, oats, rye and spelt) before the second day of Pesach. May apply only in Israel but is observed elsewhere. Antonym: <I>chodosh</I>. [<SMALL><A HREF="http://www.star-k.org/kashrus/kk-yoshon-old_new.htm">more-1</A>, <A HREF="http://oukosher.org/index.php/articles/single/40/">more-2</A></SMALL>]<small>. See <a href="../shapes/99.htm">Yoshon page</a>, <a href="../logos/index.htm#688">Logo page</a></small></TD></TR> <TR><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Yisroel</B></TD><TD><FONT DIR="RTL" FACE="david,miriam,rod" SIZE="5">Ù´é°è¸ÐµÜ</FONT>, Israel.</TD></TR> <!-- <TR><TD><A NAME="Z"></A>&nbsp;</TD><TD><A HREF="#MENU"><IMG SRC="../menu.jpg" BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR> --> </TABLE> <!-- END CONTENT --> <BR>&nbsp;<BR> <CENTER><IMG SRC="../magendav.jpg" ALT="Magen David"></CENTER> <BR>&nbsp;<BR> <A NAME="END"></A> </TD></TR></TABLE> <!-- end: table to set page width --> </TD></TR></TABLE> <!-- ---------------------------- --> <!-- advertising blocks --> </td><td valign="top"> <table> <tr height="104"><td><a href="../adverts/redirects/1.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/1-x162.jpg" border="1"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/2-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/3-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/4-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="../adverts/index.htm"><img src="../adverts/jpegs/5-x162.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </BASEFONT> </BODY> </HTML>